Nasal absorption of mixtures of fast-acting and long-acting insulins

New Long-Acting Basal Insulins: Does Benefit Outweigh Cost?

Although insulin introduced nearly a century ago has saved the lives of countless people with diabetes, improvements of this therapy continue as significant unmet needs remain (1–4). Even persons with type 2 diabetes who, compared with those with type 1 diabetes, exhibit a much more stable, yet disordered, metabolic milieu only achieve an intended HbA1c target of 7% or lower without hypoglycemi...

Ultrafast-acting insulins: state of the art.

Optimal coverage of prandial insulin requirements remains an elusive goal. The invention of rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) was a big step forward in reducing postprandial glycemic excursions in patients with diabetes in comparison with using regular human insulin; however, even with these, the physiological situation cannot be adequately mimicked. Developing ultrafast-acting insulins (UFI...

How to Accurately Establish Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Long-Acting Insulins in Humans: Relevance to Biosimilar Insulins.

In this issue of Diabetes Care, Linnebjerg et al. (1) compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a Lilly synthetized insulin glargine (LY IGlar) with the insulin glargine Lantus (IGlar) based on a series of clamp studies in healthy volunteers and conclude for PK/PD that there is similarity of the LY IGlar vs. IGlar. The strengths of the study should be discussed along with i...

LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS: TESTOSTERONE ESTERS OF CYCLOALKYLCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

The synthesis of twenty five esters of testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrost- 4-en-3-one) is described. All esters are derivatives of cycloalkycarboxylic acids. Some of the esters possess α- , β -and/or & - substitution in the ester side-chain. The work was undertaken in order to evaluate long-acting male antifertility effect of such esters. Most of the compounds, especially compound No.1, wer...

Long-acting sulfonylureas -- long-acting hypoglycaemia.